Occam’s razor states that when faced with several possible explanations for a phenomenon, the one that requires the fewest assumptions is most likely to be correct.

First principles thinking is a problem-solving and decision-making approach that involves breaking complex issues or concepts down to their fundamental, foundational elements. It encourages examining a problem from its most basic components to gain a deeper understanding and arrive at innovative solutions.

Inversion involves looking at a problem or situation from the opposite perspective or considering the reverse of the desired outcome. Instead of focusing on how to achieve a particular goal, inversion prompts you to think about how to avoid or prevent the unwanted outcome.